APPLICATIONS
The processing industry is indeed under increasing pressure to evolve towards more sustainable and efficient practices. Process intensification, cleaner production, and continuous optimization are key strategies that address these challenges by aiming to make industrial processes more effective and environmentally friendly.
PROCESS METHOD
Kraft pulp is stronger than other types of pulp.
Kraft pulp is darker than sulfite pulp because of higher levels of chromophores.
Unbleached kraft pulp appears yellow or blue/grey.
TYPICAL PROCESS
Kraft pulp mills produce a fibrous material composed of wood cellulose fibers, constituting the main raw material for papermaking. The kraft process is the dominant technology in the world to produce pulp, allowing the recycling of most of the pulping chemical in two loops, commonly referred to as the sodium cycle and calcium cycle. A third cycle is also relevant to sodium sulphate recovery. Meanwhile, significant amounts of solid, liquid and gaseous emissions are generated, requiring treatment before release into the environment. Some inorganic solid wastes are of particular concern due to the high quantities generated, which are landfilled: green liquor dregs, slaker grits, lime mud, and boiler fly ash.
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How It Works
Wood chips are treated with a hot alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium sulfide (Na2S), and water. This solution is called white liquor.
The wood chips are cooked in large pressure vessels called digesters.
The process removes lignin from the wood fiber.
The spent liquor, called black liquor, is regenerated into white liquor in a causticizer.
Lignin is recovered from the black liquor by lowering the pH with carbon dioxide (CO2).
UREA TO AMMOUNIA
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WFF EVAPORATOR
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LAB REACTOR
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